Nephrology is a branch of medicine focused on the study and treatment of kidney-related conditions. The field covers a wide range of issues, including kidney diseases, electrolyte imbalances, hypertension (high blood pressure), and the management of dialysis and kidney transplantation.

Nephrologists, who are specialized doctors in this field, work on diagnosing and treating chronic kidney diseases, acute kidney injuries, and conditions that affect kidney function. They also provide care for patients undergoing dialysis and those who have had or need kidney transplants. The goal of nephrology is to maintain or restore kidney function and overall health.